Misconceptions of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights :: Wuthering Heights Essays

Wuthering Heights Misconceptions Victorian reviewers of Emily Brontes classic Wuthering Heights found it to be far too harsh and dreary for their tastes. One pen, piece for the Atlas, comp ard Wuthering Heights to Jane Eyre saying that, Wuthering Heights casts a gloom over the mind that is not easily dispelled (WH 300) while Jane Eyre manages to provide some cathartic element that offers its proofreader a release. The same author criticizes it for its lack of realistic elements saying that a few glimpses of sunshine would have increased the reality of the picture and given effectuality rather than weakness to the whole (WH 300). Upon further comparison the author says of Jane Eyre it lacks the power and originality of Wuthering Heights, though it is infinitely much agreeable ending saying Ellis Bell (pseudonym of Emily Bronte) is an author with olympian promise (WH 300). Some literary critics of the time preferred to ride the fence on this controversial book. An essay publi shed in Douglas Jerrolds Weekly newspaper publisher stated it was a strange book baffling all regular criticism (WH 302). While not committing to actual criticisms of either story or author the writer alludes to the disturbing themes of the piece and closes his article by saying, We strongly recommend all our readers to who love novelty to get this story (WH 302). Other critics are more than willing to attack both the work and Ellis Bell. A writer for the Examiner stated, shortly after the publication of the book, it is wild, confused, disjointed, and improbable, and the people who make up the dramaare savages ruder than those who lived before the days of Homer (WH 303). Charlotte Bronte attempts to, in her forward to the 1850 publication of Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, address misconceptions about her sisters, their pseudonyms, and Emilys infamous book. Charlotte claims that a grievous error was through with(p) to her sister when critics attempted to claim that the same hand that penned Jane Eyre was responsible for Wuthering Heights.

Reflections on the Analytic/Continental Divide Essay -- Research Essay

Reflections on the Analytic/Continental DivideMy friends in the English department often ask me to beg off the difference I so often talk about between analytic and continental philosophical system. For approximately odd reason they want to relate our tally with theirs in an effort, maybe, to understand both better. Thus, I welcome the opportunity offered by Schuylkills general theme this year to give a very general and un-rigorous initiation on Philosophy, intended for the University Community at large. One fine, if annoying, tradition in philosophy is that of hedging our bets. Its the fine art of being slippery. And we actually think its do by a wish to be exacting. Accordingly, I should begin such a paper by saying that neither analytic nor continental philosophy are truly cohesive, unified, groups much which seems inconsistent flows under their banner, as does much disagreement. However, today, few groups of any merit are cohesive and unified, if they ever were. Even light isnt unified any more. So much for fine print bordering on the platitudinous. This paper has four sections. The first section places analytic and continental philosophy inwardly a historical tradition, specifically in relation to Kant. The second details analytic philosophy, particularly with relation to the linguistic turn and ordinary language philosophy. The third juxtaposes what I take to be a continental response in terms of Heideggers view of language and Foucaults view of power/knowledge, and shows some of the disrepute in which these are held. The last reviews some recent journal articles on the subject, and delivers a summation and prognosis. I. You all know about the Pre-Socratics, of which I think fondly of Heraclitus, so o... ...of Pure Reason. Trans. Norman Kemp Smith. crude York St. Martins, 1965. Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals. Trans. James W. Ellington. Indianapolis Hackett, 1977. Margolis, Joseph. Historied Thought Constructed World. Berkeley U of Calif ornia P, 1995. A Biopsy of Recent Analytic Philosophy. The Philosophical Forum XXVI.3 (1995) 161-188. McDowell, John. Mind and World. Cambridge Harvard UP, 1994. Norris, Christopher. Doubting palace or the Slough of Despond Davidson and Schiffer on the Limits of Analysis. The Review of Metaphysics 50 (December 1996) 351-82. Quine, Willard Van Orman. Two Dogmas of Empiricism. The Philosophy of Language. Ed. A.P. Martinich. New York Oxford UP, 1996. 39-60. Schlick, Morris. The Turning Point in Philosophy. analytical Positivism. Ed. A. J. Ayer. New York Free, 1959. qtd. in Follesdal (200).

Achilles vs. Hector in the Iliad :: Iliad essays

Achilles vs. Hector in the Iliad   In the Iliad, many of the male characters queer heroic characteristics, consistent with the heroic warrior code of ancient Greece. They try to win glory in battle, yet are often characterized as having a distinctly human side. They each have certain strengths and weaknesses, which are evident at many times throughout the conflicts described in the Iliad. Prime examples of such characters are Achilles and Hector. These two characters have obvious differences in their approaches to fitting the heroic mold to which they two try to conform. However, despite their differences and the fact that they are fighting for opposing armies and butt on each other with hatred in battle, they also have numerous similar traits which logically lend themselves to a comparison between the two men. They both display behavior that could be described as heroism. The first way in which Achilles, who fights for the Greeks, and Hector, who fights for the T rojans, act differently is how they approach war and the inevitable violence and finale which accompany it.   Although Achilles knows that he is fated to be killed in battle, when his faithful and devoted friend Patroclus is mercilessly and dishonorably cut down in combat, he puts forth his pride and chooses to temporarily forget about his previous feuds with Agamemnon that have up until now prevented him from participating in the war. He joins the fighting with a deadly and revengeful mindset that will likely play a major factor in the outcome of the war.   Today, this lust for revenge might be considered a glary character flaw. However, this passion for retribution undoubtedly conforms to the heroic code of Greek society. Meanwhile, Hector is full of indecision and reluctance about whether to take part in the war. He too believes that fate has dictated that he will be killed in battle. He spends much time with his pleading wife Andromache, who begs him not to go to war, both for his sake and for his family&213s. He does not want to die and thus widow Andromache, leaving her at the loom of another man. Indeed, when he bids farewell to his three-year-old son Astyanax, clothed in his shining war gear with gleaming helmet complete with plume crest (the

The Urban Legend of Tommy Hilfiger :: essays research papers fc

The Truth about the Rumor of Tommy HilfigerA big controversy happened, the well-known Fashion Designer Tommy Hilfiger was on the Oprah show. She asked him if it was accredited if he said he did not make clothes for Blacks and Asians, his clothes were intended for upper class White commonwealth. When he admitted he said those things, she asked him to leave. This email is an Urban Legend. Juicy Emails like these atomic number 18 simply for entertainment purposes only and should not be taken seriously. Like junk mail it should be emptied into the cycle bin. population assume if an E-mail is sent to them or if a friend mentioned the incident then it must be true. How could someone write something so tight and cruel and spread it through emails? Thomas Craughwell explains that fear, paranoia, envy and suspicion of unfamiliar are reasons why urban legends such as Tommy Hilfiger are passed around (Craughwell 10). community read newspapers such as the Inquirer and read junk E-mails at work to make the day go by. Richard Roeper describes people as todays information consumer, who are savvy, jaded and cynical (Roeper 10). Its no secret that people can be gullible when it comes to interesting news. Roper states that people are as willing as ever to believe stories that happened to best friends brothers accountant (Roper 11). People have gotten too trifling to look up information for themselves and look for quick fixes, instead of facts. The Tommy Hilfiger Rumor has all of the signs of the urban legend. As Defined by Craughwell urban legends are unremarkably passed by word of mouth and by E-mail. Urban legends have many variations (Craughwell 9,13). David Emery from About.com has two of the most common variations of the E-mail in his article. Before on that point were any rumors of him on the Oprah Show, It was a news article in a Philippian tabloid in 1996 as Barbara Mikkelson explains in her article.According to Barbara Mikkelson, the rumor was altered again w ith him being on the CNN style show with Elsa Klensch . In this rumor he did not comment on black people. He commented about Asian people not looking right in the clothes (Barbara Mikkelson). Although the rumors are being shown to be not true, they are still being passed around to this day (David Emery). People who are in the know about rumors made inquiries to the Anti Defamation League.

The Relationship Shared Amongst Students and Teachers Essay -- Educati

Relationship Shared amongst Teachers and Students Nowadays, there is much controversy plaguing our society as to how the perfect relationship between teachers and their students should be. One disciple might be favored more than another in the classroom by the teacher, making this extra attention unfair to the other students. Almost always, there is a question pending as to what should the situation be inside a classroom. Nobody has yet come up with a solution to calculate the problems facing our societys school system and the relationship the students hold with their teachers. An equal balance of fairness, dedication, and hard work should come from both teachers and students. Once we get this goal, our classrooms leave alone bind teachers giving a hundred percent and their will and effort to teach while the students give their hundred percent of effort to learn and participate at the same time. The teachers responsibilities are much greater than that of the students. In the Mi ssion Statements, I found an interesting quote from the Evergreen State College which says, The main purpose of a college is to teach, and good teaching involves close interaction between faculty and students (54). I strongly agree with what this college mission is saying because this statement personifies teachers responsibilities since the better teachers teach, the closer those teachers will reach out to their students filling the students anxious brains with more knowledge. Fulfilling this task will both make a successful student and well as a successful teacher. To ensure the best information for a student, teachers must put forth all efforts and knowledge to enlighten their students. Often times, you can find students effective not willing to pay attention to... ... waste and vice-versa. Teachers may feel more pressured due to concerned parents or others who want their children to have the best education as possible. This can be avoided if the teacher educates very thorough ly and properly to get across to the majority of the students if not all of them. This relationship is not want a see-saw, there cannot be more effort put from one than the other. The relationship must be equal from both the teacher and the students side to achieve success on both ends. Works Cited Hart, Jeffrey. How to Get a College Education. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000 126-132 Lunsford, Andrea A. and John J. Ruszkiewicz. The Presence of Others. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. Rose, Mike. Lives on the Boundary. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000 105-119. Thomas, David. The Mind of Man. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000 120- 125.

The Relationship Shared Amongst Students and Teachers Essay -- Educati

Relationship Shared amongst Teachers and Students Nowadays, there is much controversy plaguing our society as to how the perfect relationship between teachers and their students should be. One pupil skill be favored more than a nonher in the classroom by the teacher, making this extra attention unfair to the other students. Almost always, there is a question pending as to what should the situation be inside a classroom. Nobody has yet come up with a solution to solve the problems approach our societys school system and the relationship the students hold with their teachers. An equal balance of fairness, dedication, and hard work should come from both teachers and students. Once we achieve this goal, our classrooms will have teachers gravid a hundred percent and their will and effort to teach while the students give their hundred percent of effort to learn and participate at the akin time. The teachers responsibilities are much greater than that of the students. In the Mission Sta tements, I found an interesting quote from the Evergreen State College which says, The main purpose of a college is to teach, and not bad(predicate) teaching involves close interaction between faculty and students (54). I strongly agree with what this college mission is saying because this statement personifies teachers responsibilities since the better teachers teach, the closer those teachers will snuff it out to their students filling the students anxious brains with more knowledge. Fulfilling this task will both make a made student and well as a conquestful teacher. To ensure the best education for a student, teachers must put forth all efforts and knowledge to enlighten their students. Often times, you can find students just not willing to pay attention to... ... waste and vice-versa. Teachers may feel more pressured due to concerned parents or others who want their children to have the best education as possible. This can be avoided if the teacher educates very thoroughly and properly to get across to the majority of the students if not all of them. This relationship is not like a see-saw, there cannot be more effort put from one than the other. The relationship must be equal from both the teacher and the students side to achieve success on both ends. Works Cited Hart, Jeffrey. How to Get a College Education. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000 126-132 Lunsford, Andrea A. and John J. Ruszkiewicz. The Presence of Others. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. Rose, Mike. Lives on the Boundary. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000 105-119. Thomas, David. The Mind of Man. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2000 120- 125.

A discussion on the uniform system in American schools

Are pupils in classs Kindergarten through Twelfth get aroundn too much freedom of pick? Should pupils in classs Kindergarten through Twelfth be unavoidable to find on uniforms in naturalise? Many would state that because pupils construct freedom of pick, it is a misdemeanor of pupils rights for the inculcates to necessitate them to give birth on uniforms. Because of this muckle further look at the negative of uniforms in schools whereas they should look at the positive of uniforms in schools. Uniforms allow pupils to be disciplined and motivated academically any bit good as Teach pupils to show themselves through cognition instead than showing themselves through material ownerships.The sentiment of most is that if pupils wear uniforms, so they will non be able to show themselves and demo their identity. Although it is of import for pupils to show their individualism, they do non necessitate to make so with vesture. A kid s individualism goes farther than what trade name o f vesture is on his or her dorsum, and this is why uniforms should be adopted into all schools. The lone job is that non anyone agrees with pupils being required to shake on uniforms in schools.In schools across the United States instructors be divided on the determination of whether or non uniforms should be employed into schools. Harmonizing to Axia College hebdomad five study Constructing an educational Doctrine ( 2005 ) , Teacher Dave Oland does non desire uniforms in school because he feels that there ar bigger issues that need to be dealt with such as constructing relationships with parents and pupils ( p.366 ) . Peoples most make it sound as though necessitating pupils to grow on uniforms is the most tragic thing that could go on to them. Harmonizing to Axia College hebdomad five reading Constructing an educational Doctrine ( 2005 ) , Mr. Oland believes that pupils should be encouraged to adhesive friction better attitudes on life history, society, their hereafter and themselves without being regulated to have on uniforms ( p.366 ) .What is the large trade with pupils have oning uniforms in school, and why do people take a firm stand on comparing school uniforms to that of prison? Harmonizing to the Axia College hebdomad five reading Constructing an Educational Doctrine ( 2005 ) , Teacher Dave Oland compares pupils have oning uniforms in school to boot cantonments, prisons, and parochial schools ( p.366 ) . The statement is that uniforms in school will merely keep the pupils, and that schools can hold higher trial tonss, less battles, and better subject jobs without integrating uniforms into the schools.With that being said, the issue that needs to be addressed inside the local and province schools is the occurrence that pupils have oning uniforms in school is non merely good to the pupils, but is besides financially good to parents. Children get so wrapped up in what apparels and places are popular among kids their age that they do no pri vation to concentrate on the existent ground of why they are in school. Students are in school to larn, and when they wear uniforms they are more likely to concentrate more on their faculty members and less on dad civilization.Even though there are schools that require pupils to have on uniforms all the clip, there are some schools that do non desire to set force per unit area on the pupils by necessitating the pupils to have on uniforms full clip. Some schools try to strike a happy medium by merely necessitating their pupils to have on uniforms two or three yearss a hebdomad ( Boutelle, 2008 ) . Students do non acquire the full benefit of uniforms in schools unless they wear uniforms in schools full clip.Harmonizing to Boutelle ( 2008 ) , Uniforms offer a assortment of benefits such as uniforms promote school safety and heighten the acquisition environment every bit good as belittle the vesture competition ( p.36 ) . Because uniforms diminish the vesture competition pupils will n on be distracted by the new interior decorator denims that Christina has on, or by the newest brace of interior decorator places that Joe merely got for his birthday. Alternatively pupils are able to concentrate on the existent ground of why they are in school which is to acquire an instruction.An otherwise issue that has been eliminated with uniforms in the schools is the issue of pupils have oning vesture that is excessively telling. Harmonizing to Boutelle ( 2008 ) , With today s manners of minimum frock, female pupils may demo up at school have oning a micro-mini doll rolled down to expose her belly button and a hackamore top that exposes her middle ( p.34 ) . When female pupils wear vesture that is excessively uncovering to school, non merely is it deflecting for her schoolmates, but it besides invites inappropriate activity. A miss may have on a hackamore top and mini skirt to school because that is the new manner, but what she does non recognize is that manner of vesture may convey her some unwanted attending from the male childs such as intractable comments and name naming.Uniforms non merely extinguish issues for misss every bit far as misss have oning vesture that is excessively telling instead uniforms extinguish issues for all adolescents in school. Harmonizing to Boutelle ( 2008 ) , Uniforms rid schools of pack colourss, every bit good as rids schools of pupils contending over interior decorator jackets and other interior decorator vesture ( p. 36-37 ) . Because of uniforms in school the overall behaviour of pupils has improved so much that there have merely been a few behavior incidents in schools where pupils are required to have on uniforms ( Boutelle, 2008 ) .Without behavior incidents in schools due to uniforms, pupils are able to concentrate more on their surveies. Students have learned that they can show their creativeness both academically and artistically ( Boutelle, 2008 ) . The issue of pupils have oning uncovering vesture and comba t over interior decorator vesture has some been wholly eliminated from schools due to uniforms. In other words, pupils express themselves with their cognition, alternatively of with the apparels they wear.Because of this there are some astonishing consequences. teachs that require pupils to have on uniforms can take to improved subject and classroom behaviour, change magnitude school attending, regard for instructors, better school public presentation, higher pupil self-esteem and assurance, lower vesture cost, publicity of group spirit, decrease in societal stratification, and lower rates of force and offense. ( Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006, p.25 ) With the possibility of uniforms work outing all of instruction s jobs, people may inquire why pupils have non already been required to have on uniforms in schools. This is a consequence of the people who are debate to necessitating pupils to have on uniforms in schools.Those who are opposed to pupils have oning uniforms in schools argue that necessitating school uniforms violates pupils rights, that uniforms are non responsible for reduced force, that pupils will happen other ways to vie, and that uniforms have no direct air on academic accomplishment. ( Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006, p.25 ) Because of this it may be difficult for schools to make up ones mind which side is the best for the pupils. For this ground people need to look at the fact, which means they need to look at the schools that have already employed uniforms for pupils in their schools. Harmonizing to Konheim-Kalkstein ( 2006 ) , A rule from Cherry Hill School reported increased attending, reduced suspensions, less frequent combat, increased trial tonss, and improved school public presentation after pupils began have oning uniforms ( p.25 ) .There have besides been other schools in different metropoliss that have adopted school uniforms. One illustration of a metropolis that has enforced uniforms in schools is Long brink where uniforms are required for pupils in classs Kindergarten through Twelfth ( Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006 ) . Since schools in Long Beach have adopted uniforms, there have been important betterments with the behaviour of pupils. Below is a chart that shows the statistical betterments in a school in Long Beach due to pupils have oning uniforms.The chart below shows how after five old ages of pupils have oning uniforms in schools in Long Beach, California, the bad behaviour of pupils change magnitude dramatically.Improvements Due to School UniformsA Uniform Look, by Konheim-Kalkstein, p.25, Copyright 2006 by American School Board Journal.Bad behaviour in the Long Beach schools was progressively bad before the acceptance of uniforms. Five old ages after Long Beach schools adopted uniforms overall offense decreased by 91 % , suspensions decreased by 90 % , sex discourtesies decreased by 96 % , and Vandalism decreased by 69 % ( Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006 ) . This is entirely should be proof plenty of what good can go on when pupils are required to have on uniforms in school. Along with Long Beach, other metropoliss have besides adopted uniforms in schools. These metropoliss are New York City, Philadelphia, Miami, and Chicago, and as a consequence 37 province legislative assemblies enacted statute law authorising local territories to find their ain unvarying policies ( Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006 ) .Even though all of these metropoliss have adopted uniforms into their schools, pedagogues and the populace are still clearly divided over the execution of such policies in public schools ( Huss, 2007 ) . This is the instance even after people have seen the positive consequence that uniforms have within the pupil organic structure. Despite the dither between the pedagogues and the public pupils do like the thought of uniforms in schools because uniforms give them a sense of group of say and besides minimise pupil green-eyed monsters and favoritism ( Huss, 2007 ) .Every school has jobs with green-eyed mon ster and favoritism in one manner or another. If uniforms give pupils a sense of belonging, so why can people non hold that uniforms are a good thing? Harmonizing to Huss ( 2007 ) , Widening cognition in this bucolic is highly of import because the overall school clime has every bit much to make with acquisition, productive work, and self-concept as does anything else in the educational plan ( p.32 ) .When rescue production of uniforms in the educational plan, instructors sentiments besides need to be heard. Students look up to instructors, and because of this the instructors input can hold a positive consequence on pupils refering uniforms. After uniforms are implemented into schools, instructors have said that they noticed pupils are less concerned abut how they fit in wit their equals, and that pupils are no longer being judged for non have oning the right apparels or for have oning hand-me-downs. ( Huss, 2007, p.36 ) Along with pupils non being judged for their apparels, o ther instructors have reported that pupils are more enthusiastic about being at school, less riotous during category, and that there have been fewer battles since implementing uniforms in schools ( Huss, 2007 ) .Peoples must non bury that uniforms allow pupils to be disciplined and motivated academically, every bit good as Teach pupils to show themselves through cognition instead than showing themselves through material ownerships. With all the calamity that happens in this man today, it is of import for pupils to be taught morally right. Meaning it is of import for pupils to be taught about the things that genuinely matter in this universe. Education, self-esteem, self-confidence, self-discipline, and sense of belonging are all facets of life that pupils look for in one manner or another, and this is why pupils need uniforms in their schools.

People attend college or university for many different reasons Essay

People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). wherefore do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.People attend college or university for many different reasons. However, in my opinion, I think that people attend college or university because they want to prepare for their career and to increase knowledge. Now I elaborate the two reasons why I think this way.The first reason why I think people attend college or university is because they want to prepare for their career. These days, a lot of people depict to go to famous or high select colleges. By entering the college, it proves that the psyche had worked hard to enter the college and has absorbed high quality knowledge from the college, which helps the person to get the career the person wants. Because a lot of companies want the best worker they can get to enhance the value o f the company. Therefore, by attending college or university, people can get careers easier. This is the first reason why I think that people attend college or universities to prepare for their career.The second reason why I think people enter college or university is because they want to increase their knowledge. Colleges and universities provide the best information and knowledge for the students to learn. By taking high quality classes from college, they will get more intelligent. Plus, students will learn life lessons and experiences which will help them next time when they are in a same view in the future. Students will be wiser than they were before, taking a step closer to getting a career they want, and another step closer to success in life. Therefore, people attend college or university to gain more knowledge.There are various reasons why people enter college or university. However, the two reasons above clear states that I believe people attend to college to enhance the ir knowledge and to prepare for their career.

History 1500-1800 Essay

europium underwent several massive changes after the exploration of the Americas, the Columbian Exchange, the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Counter-Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and several religious wars. forwards these events, the Europeans lived under monarchies where religion and organisation were one in the same and world trade was non existent. These events ushered in early modern Europe and changed the continent forever. In the 1450s, rapid changes overtook Europe.Some of these changes were technological, involving advances in firearms and sailing, economic, involving the organic evolution of trade networks, and religious, leading to the exploration of the Americas. Before the exploration of the Americas, the farthest Europeans traveled was northwest toward Ireland. Europeans had always been followers of the sea, just the bold exploration into the Americas was their greatest achievement. Before these changes, ninety percent of Europeans were farmers living i n sm either villages. on that point were food shortages due to war and low grain yields which produced a confederacy that was prone to disease.There was a blend of desperation and ambition that lead the Europeans to the Americas. The Americas meant salvation and security from a war-torn and disease-ridden land. Early modern Europe was a world of inequalities. unrivalled quarter of all children died within the first year of life, peasants and craft workers do several hundred times little than aristocrats and nobles, and kings were weak and warrior lords ran small towns. The upper classes provided rampart and land for the lower classes and homicide, rape, and robbery were commonplace.Most feared change because early modern Europe lacked raise and security order and security were so fragile that society clung to these things to keep their lives stable. The sudden deaths due to the Black Death, which began in 1347, restored the balance between resources and people. pack realized that the more than people died, the better wages were, prices were lower, and there was more land. When Christopher Columbus explored the Americas about 150 years after the outbreak of the Black Death, the Europeans that settled the Americas experienced the same problems. There was a shortage of food and land.In the Americas, Europes desperate and hopeful population believed that the New World would provide jobs, land, and wealth. Advances in technology made settling overseas attractive to those spirit for power and wealth. More efficient ways of establishing credit and transferring money came along with world trade. (Davidson, Gienapp, Heyrman, Lytle, Stoff, 2006) The Columbian Exchange was both cultural and biological. The Columbian Exchange was the transposition of European products, such as livestock, food, and diseases, to the Americas and the exchange of the same products from the Americas to Europe.The Catholic church, horses, gunpowder, African slaves, and diseases were introduced to the Americas. The Americas introduced foods such as corn, peppers, pumpkins, turkeys, and tobacco to Europe. Products from Asia, such as grapes, coffee, sugar cane, rice, and olives were introduced to both Europe and the Americas courtesy of African slaves and European traders. (Harrison, 2006) The Columbian Exchange was extremely important to the changes in Europe. In the 1450s, Europeans wanted to study the world around them, including art. It was a modern age in Europe that was dubbed the Renaissance.The Renaissance began in Italy and spread throughout Europe. This movement including not only studying old art, but influencing new artists. stamp down artists, such as Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo, focused on realism rather than religious topics. (The Dawn of a New Age, 2005) Because artists focused less on religious topics, the Renaissance was not only about art, but also about religion. During the second decade of the sixteenth century, radical religious chan ges were fetching place in Europe. The Roman Catholic church defined religion in Europe in the Middle Ages.The Catholic church was a hierarchy. phantasmal institutions in the Middle Ages were decentralized and local. The popes of the Catholic church grew more powerful, and by 1500, the Catholic church had land throughout Europe and collected taxes from church members. Parish priests miss their duties while popes and bishops flaunted their wealth. Out of this came the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation began with Martin Luther. The Catholic church taught that one had to live a life of good works in order to achieve salvation, but the Bible said that salvation came by faith alone.Martin Luther, due to this notion, became critical of the church. He posted his infamous 95 theses attacking the Catholic hierarchy in 1517. (Davidson et al. , 2006) After Martin Luthers attacks, the Catholic church proposed its own reforms. This was known as the Counter-Reformation. Some r eforms encouraged society to return to ethical living, but others were only reactions to reformers criticisms.However, during this time, an important group known as the Jesuits was formed. This group was officially recognized by the Catholic church in the 1540s. The Counter-Reformation, 1996) The Scientific Revolution was the most(prenominal) influential of all the changes in Europe during this time. The Scientific Revolution changed European thought in every aspect of human life. For example, the view that the world functions comparable a machine was introduced at this time. Human knowledge was also separated into different sciences. (The Scientific Revolution, 1996) In short, the Scientific Revolution fine-tuned human sentiment and got people to see the world differently. Many religious wars were also a part of the changes in European life.When referring to religious wars, ten different wars involving religion beat to mind. These wars lasted from 1562 to 1598. Religion was the basis for the wars, however, it involved several other aspects of life. In peoples minds, religion was intertwined with society. Religious perimeter was non existent, therefore, new ideas led to destruction. (The Wars of Religion, 2004) each(prenominal) of these events happened for a reason. The Europeans were a desperate people they longed for security and happiness. The entrance into the Americas was a welcome opportunity for a better life.The Renaissance and Scientific Revolution made individuals think about the world around them instead of only accepting what they were given or taught. The Reformation, Counter-Reformation, and religious wars expressed different ideas on religion, creating religious tolerance that the world has come to rely on today. Without all of these events, Europe would still be in the Middle Ages. The exploration of the Americas, the Columbian Exchange, the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Counter-Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and the religiou s wars all helped to usher in modern Europe.Before these changes, Europe was a war-trodden and disease-ridden country plagued by poverty and intolerance. These important events helped to enlighten Europeans and gave them hope for a better life. every last(predicate) of these factors showed Europeans a different way of looking at the world and their role in their society. After these events, Europeans looked forward to wealth, security, and order. They had a greater understanding of what the world held and how it worked. People began thinking instead of just living.